![]() ![]() Early civilizations like the Babylonians, dug cesspits below floor level in their houses and created crude drainage systems for removing storm water. While most settlements grew next to natural waterways into which waste from latrines was readily channeled but the emergence of major cities exposed the inadequacy of this approach. It was probably the need to get rid of foul smells than an understanding of the health hazards of human waste that led to the first proper sewage systems. The system of sewers is called sewerage or sewerage system in British English and sewage system in American English. This can pose a serious threat to public health and the surrounding environment. During high precipitation periods a sewer system may experience a combined sewer overflow event or a sanitary sewer overflow event, which forces untreated sewage to flow directly to receiving waters. Access to these systems, for maintenance purposes, is typically through a manhole. In some urban areas, sewage is carried separately in sanitary sewers and runoff from streets is carried in storm drains. In many cities, sewage (or municipal wastewater) is carried together with stormwater, in a combined sewer system, to a sewage treatment plant. It is the system of pipes, chambers, manholes, etc. Sewerage ends at the entry to a sewage treatment plant or at the point of discharge into the environment. It encompasses components such as receiving drains, manholes, pumping stations, storm overflows, and screening chambers of the combined sewer or sanitary sewer. Sewerage (or sewage system) is the infrastructure that conveys sewage or surface runoff ( stormwater, meltwater, rainwater) using sewers. Map of London sewer network, late 19th century
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